Telangana History and Geography

History of Telangana
Telangana was once ruled by Satavahana dynasty followed by Vishnukundina, Vakataka, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya and Western Chalukya. Telangana area had its golden era during the reign of Kakatiya dynasty. In 14th century Delhi Sultanate ruled this area, followed by Bahmani Sultanate. Hyderabad state was annexed in Indian Union on 17th September 1948, after a military operation, Operation Polo. Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt, originated in the Telangana regions of the Hyderabad state between 1946 and 1951. After reorganization Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. After many issues and committees, Telangana was officially formed on 2nd June 2014.

Geography of Telangana
Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau. Telangana shares the borders with Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states. Krishna and Godavari along with many minor rivers passes through the state. It has an area of 114840 sq kms making it the 12th largest state in the country. 

Government and Administration of Telangana
Hyderabad is the common capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for not more than ten years. Telangana is divided into 10 districts. Telangana Rashtra Samithi, Telugu Desam Party and Indian National Congress are the major political parties in the state. Telangana legislative assembly consists of 119 seats. Telangana contributes 17 members to the Indian Assembly.

Language and Culture of Telangana
Telangana culture combines cultural customs from Persian traditions and south Indian traditions and customs. Perini Sivatandavam or Perini Thandavam, also known as 'Dance of Warriors' is performed by warriors before leaving to battlefield. Perini is dedicated to Lord Shiva, is also one of the famous dance form in the state. Telangana folk songs left a profound impact on the Statehood movement. Oggu Katha or Oggukatha is a traditional folklore singing praising and narrating the stories of Hindu gods. Nirmal paintings are one of the popular painting forms in the state. Telugu and Hyderabadi cuisines are two cuisines in the state. Telugu cuisine is spicy whereas Hyderabadi cuisine contains more of millet and roti. Telugu is widely spoken, followed by Urdu, Hindi and English. 

Education Status in Telangana
Telangana houses Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) which caters the educational needs of rural youth in Telangana. University of Hyderabad, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian School of Business, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) Hyderabad, Kakatiya University Warangal, Osmania University Hyderabad, Telugu University Hyderabad, NALSAR University of Law Hyderabad, Urdu University Hyderabad are some of the famous universities in the state. Telangana has research centers like Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Tata Institute of Social Sciences Hyderabad, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science. 

Economy of Telangana
Telangana’s economy is mainly driven by agriculture. Rice is the major food corp. Gherkins, mangoes and grapes are majorly exported. Hyderabad contributes 15% of IT exports in India. Many manufacturing and services industries are located in and around Hyderabad. Automobiles and auto components industry, mines and minerals, spices, pharmaceutical, horticulture, textiles and apparels, poultry farming are the main industries in Telangana. There are 68 Special Economic Zones in Telangana. 

Tourism in Telangana
Telangana's tourist attractions include historical places, monuments, forts, waterfalls, forests and temples. Charminar, Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Kakatiya Kala Thoranam, Bhongir Fort, Paigah Tombs are some of the famous monuments in the state. Yadagirigutta, Thousand Pillar Temple, Bhadrachalam Temple, Sri Raja Rajeshwara temple, Ramappa Temple, Birla Mandir, Basara, Nelakondapalli, Mecca Masjid, Medak Church are some of the religious destinations in the state. Pocharam wildlife sanctuary is spread in 130sq kms and houses several quadrupeds. Kuntula waterfalls in Adilabad are highest waterfalls in the state at height of 147 meters amidst dense forest and sahayadri mountain range. Adventurous tourism can be experienced in Bhuvanagiri. Telangana is well connected by air, road and rail.

Festivals Celebrated in Telangana
Bathukamma is a colorful and vibrant festival celebrated by women, during the latter half of monsoon, before the onset of winter. The women of neighborhood gather in large number and they start singing songs by circling it repeatedly, building a beautiful human circle of unity, love, sisterhood. Batukamma celebrates the inherent relationship between earth, water and the human beings. Bonalu is celebrated during Ashada Masam by worshipping Goddess Mahakali. The festival is a form of thanksgiving to the Goddess after the fulfillment of vows. The Sammakka Saralamma shrine area in Warangal is built during the 12th century in the memory of two tribal women. This festival is considered as the largest tribe festival of the world. Apart from these all the major festivals in India are celebrated.

Full List of State Birds of India 2015

State	Common name	Binomial nomenclature
Andhra Pradesh	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis
Arunachal Pradesh	Great hornbill	Buceros bicornis
Assam	White-winged wood duck	Asarcornis scutulata
Bihar	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis
Chhattisgarh	Bastar hill myna	Gracula religiosa peninsularis
Goa	Black-crested bulbul	Pycnonotus flaviventris
Gujarat	Greater flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus
Haryana	Black francolin	Francolinus francolinus
Himachal Pradesh	Western tragopan (Jujurana)	Tragopan melanocephalus
Jammu and Kashmir	Black-necked crane	Grus nigricollis
Jharkhand	Asian koel	Eudynamys scolopaceus
Karnataka	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis
Kerala	Great hornbill	Buceros bicornis
Madhya Pradesh	Asian paradise flycatcher	Terpsiphone paradisi
Maharashtra	Yellow-footed green pigeon	Treron phoenicoptera
Manipur	Mrs. Hume's pheasant	Syrmaticus humiae
Meghalaya	Hill myna	Gracula religiosa peninsularis
Mizoram	Mrs. Hume's pheasant	Syrmaticus humiae
Nagaland	Blyth's tragopan	Tragopan blythii
Odisha	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis
Punjab	Northern goshawk	Accipiter gentilis
Rajasthan	Great Indian bustard	Ardeotis nigriceps
Sikkim	Blood pheasant	Ithaginis cruentus
Tamil Nadu	Emerald dove	Chalcophaps indica
Telangana	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis
Tripura	Green imperial pigeon	Ducula aenea
Uttarakhand	Himalayan monal	Lophophorus impejanus
Uttar Pradesh	Sarus crane	Grus antigone
West Bengal	White-breasted kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis
Puducherry (UT)	Asian koel	Eudynamys scolopaceus
Lakshadweep (UT)	Sooty tern	Onychoprion fuscatus
Delhi(NCT)	House sparrow	Passer domesticus

TELANGANA STATE GEOGRAPHY

CENSUS 2011 - IMPORTANT FACTS

Census 2011 is the 15th Census of India since 1872. The slogan of Census 2011 is "Our Census, Our Future". The present Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is Dr. C. Chandramouli. Census 2011 covered 35 States/Union Territories, 640 districts, 5,924 Sub-districts, 7,933 Towns and 6, 40,930 Villages.  Total Population The total population of India at 0.00 hours of 1st March 2011 is 1210.6 million. India’s population accounts for 17.5 per cent of world population. The country’s population is almost equal to the populations of the U.S., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together. Out of the total increase of 182 million added in the last decade, the contribution of rural and urban areas is equal (91.0 million each). The absolute addition is slightly lower than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world. This makes 2001-2011 as the first decade with the exception of 1911-1921 which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade. The rural population is 833.5 million and the urban population 377.1 million. The rural population constitutes 68.8% and urban population 31.2% of the total population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State with 199 million people followed by Maharashtra at 112 million people and Lakshadweep is the least populated at 64,429 persons. Uttar Pradesh has the largest rural population of 155.3 million (18.6% of the country's rural population). Maharashtra has the highest urban population of 50.8 million (13.5% of country's urban population) in the country. Himachal Pradesh (90.0%) has the largest proportion of rural population. Delhi (97.5%) has the highest proportion of urban population. Thane of Maharashtra is the most populated District in India. Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, is the least populated District in India. Growth Rate The growth rate of population in India in the last decade is 17.7% (Rural - 12.3%; Urban - 31.8%). Meghalaya (27.2%) has recorded the highest decadal growth rate in rural population. Daman & Diu (218.8 %) recorded the highest decadal growth rate in urban population during 2001-2011. Population Density Population density in Census 2011 works out to be 382 showing an increase of 57 points from 2001. Delhi (11,320) turns out to be the most densely inhabited followed by Chandigarh (9,258) among all States/UTs, both in 2001 and 2011 Census. Among the major States, Bihar occupies the first position with a density of 1106, surpassing West Bengal which occupied the first position during 2001. The minimum population density works out in Arunachal Pradesh (17) for both Censuses. Among districts in India, highest density district is North East Delhi (37,346 per Sq KM) and lowest density district is Dibang of Arunachal Pradesh (1 per Sq KM). Sex Ratio  The Sex Ratio in the country which was 933 in 2001 has increased by 7 points to 940 in 2011. In rural areas, the sex ratio has increased from 946 to 949. The corresponding increase in urban areas has been by 29 points from 900 to 929. Kerala has recorded the highest sex ratio (1084) in respect of total population. Daman and Diu recorded the lowest sex ratio (618) among States and UTs. The lowest sex ratio in rural areas has been recorded in Chandigarh (690). The corresponding value in urban areas has been returned in Daman & Diu (551). Child Population  The child population in the age group of 0-6 years stands at 164.5 million. Compared to Census 2001, the Child population has increased by 0.7 million in the country. The growth rate of child population works out to 0.4% in the last decade. However, there has been a decline of 4.1% in rural areas and an increase of 15.6% in urban areas. Census 2011 marks a considerable fall in child sex ratio (0-6 years) from 927 to 919 (-8 points) during 2001-2011. This is the lowest sex ratio since 1961. Scheduled Caste Population The total Scheduled Caste population returned in Census 2011 is 201.4 million. The Scheduled Caste population constitutes 16.6 % of the total population. The highest proportion of Scheduled Castes has been recorded in Punjab (31.9 %) and the lowest in Mizoram (0.1%). The highest number of Scheduled Castes has been recorded in Uttar Pradesh (41.4 million) and the lowest in Mizoram (1,218). Scheduled Tribe Population  The total Scheduled Tribe population returned in Census 2011 is 104.3 million. The Scheduled Tribe population constitutes 8.6 % of the total population. The highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes has been recorded in Lakshadweep (94.8 %) and the lowest in Uttar Pradesh (0.6%). The highest number of Scheduled Tribes has been recorded in Madhya Pradesh (15.3 million) and the lowest in Daman & Diu (15,363). Literacy Rate The number of literates in India is 763.5 million in Census 2011. Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent, showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points. The literacy rate for males and females works out to 82.14 per cent and 65.46 per cent respectively. The increase in literacy rate in males and females during 2001-2011 is in the order of 6.88 and 11.79 percentage points respectively. The highest number of rural literates has been recorded in Uttar Pradesh. Maharashtra has recorded the highest number of literates in urban areas. In percentage terms male literates were 56.9% of the total literates and the female literates were 43.1 % of the total literates. Kerala has the highest literacy rate (93.91) followed by Lakshadweep (92.28). Bihar has the least literacy rate (63.82) and least goes to Arunachal Pradesh (66.95) Undivided Andhra Pradesh Census 2011 The following census of Andhra Pradesh is of the undivided State prior to the formation of Telangana: Andhra Pradesh has population of 8.46 crore, an increase from 7.62 crore in 2001 census. The population of Andhra Pradesh forms 6.99 percent of India in 2011. The total population growth in this decade was 10.98 percent while in previous decade it was 13.86 percent. Density of Andhra Pradesh is 308 per sq km which is lower than national average 382 per sq km. In 2001, density of Andhra Pradesh was 277 per sq km, while nation average in 2001 was 324 per sq km. The Sex Ratio in Andhra Pradesh is 993 much better than the national average of 940. Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh is 67.02 percent while male literacy stands at 74.88 percent and female literacy is at 58.68 percent.

DETAILS OF TELANGANA STATE POPULATION

Geography Snippets

The Indian island closest to the equator is	The Great Nicobar
India is separated from Sri Lanka by	The Gulf of Mannar; The Palk Strait
The smallest state in area is	Goa
The border country sharing the longest boundary with India is	China
The longitude recognised as the basis for standard meridian in our country	82½° East
Difference between Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard Time is	5½ hours
The boundary line between India and China is called as	Mac Mohan line
The biggest state in area is	Rajasthan
The state that has longest coast	Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh has the coastal line of	972 kms
The number of coastal states in India is	9
Greater Himalayas are also known as	Himadri Ranges
K2 mountain peak is in	Karakoram Range
The highest mountain peak of the Himalayas in India is	K2
The highest peak in peninsular India is	Anaimudi
The highest peak in the World is	Mount Everest
Great Indian Desert is	Thar
The Ganga river in Bangladesh is called as	Padma
India receives bulk of its rainfall from	South West Monsoon
The monsoon burst first takes place in coastal areas in	Kerala
The highest rainfall recorded place, Mawsynram is in	Meghalaya
The lowest average rainfall recorded in	Jaisalmer
Monsoon means	Blowing of winds and reverse seasonally
Drought is	A condition when the rainfall is less than 75% of the normal
The state is having the largest area under forest is	Madhya Pradesh
The soil which is most clayey and moisture retentive is	Black
Laterite soils are characterized by leaching away of	Silica
Highest account of the total soil cover in the country is	Red soils
The highest intensity of irrigation is found in	Punjab
Hydro-Electricity is known as	White Coal
The winter crop season is known as	Rabi
During south west monsoon the crop season is known as	Kharif
Jute cultivation is predominant in	West Bengal
Black soils are favorable for the cultivation of	cotton
Natural rubber cultivation is predominant in	Kerala
The maximum energy producing mineral in India is	Coal
To manufacture the pencils we use	Graphite
Silk industry is predominating in	Karnataka
Rourkela steel plant was set up with the assistance of	Germany
Limestone is the chief raw material for	Cement
The biggest oil refinery in India is located at	Mathura
The largest industry in our country	Textile industry
The important navigable canal in southern India is	Buckingham Canal
River based port in India is	Kolkata
The single largest item of import	Petroleum